Capitals of the European countries (2023)

1. INTRODUCTION

Below you can find a list with all the current European countries and their capitals (2023).

I hope you find the information interesting.

🙂

2. EUROPEAN COUNTRIES AND THEIR CAPITALS (50)

1. Albania: Tirana
2. Andorra: Andorra La Vieja
3. Armenia (*): Yerevan
4. Austria: Vienna
5. Azerbaijan (*): Baku
6. Belarus: Minsk
7. Belgium: Brussels
8. Bosnia and Herzegovina: Sarajevo
9. Bulgaria: Sofia
10. Croatia: Zagreb
11. Cyprus (*): Nicosia
12. Czech Republic: Prague
13. Denmark: Copenhagen
14. Estonia: Tallinn
15. Finland: Helsinki
16. France: Paris
17. Georgia (*): Tbilisi
18. Germany: Berlin
19. Greece: Athens
20. Hungary: Budapest
21. Iceland: Reykjavik
22. Ireland: Dublin
23. Italy: Rome
24. Kazakhstan (*): Astana
25. Latvia: Riga
26. Liechtenstein: Vaduz
27. Lithuania: Vilnius
28. Luxembourg: Luxembourg
29. Macedonia: Skopje
30. Malta: Valletta
31. Moldova: Chisinau
32. Monaco: Monaco
33. Montenegro: Podgorica
34. Norway: Oslo
35. Poland: Warsaw
36. Portugal: Lisbon
37. Romania: Bucharest
38. Russia (*): Moscow
39. San Marino: San Marino
40. Serbia: Belgrade
41. Slovakia: Bratislava
42. Slovenia: Ljubljana
43. Spain: Madrid
44. Sweden: Stockholm
45. Switzerland: Bern
46. The Netherlands: Amsterdam
47. Turkey (*): Ankara
48. Ukraine: Kiev
49. United Kingdom: London
50. Vatican City: Vatican City

(*) Those countries with an asterisk are geographically or politically Eurasian countries. More information [HERE].

3. MAP WITH THE LOCATION OF THE EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

Location of the European countries. (*) Kosovo is not a sovereign country. More info [HERE].

4. NOTES AND CLARIFICATIONS

• Kosovo is not a sovereign country (yet) as its territory is currently disputed with Serbia. It is not a member of the United Nation and only 57 % of all the world countries recognize it as a sovereign state (110 out of 194).
• Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia: politically they can be considered European countries (they belong to the Council of Europe¹ and the European Union considers them European countries²); geographically they are Eurasian countries (located in the Caucasus, imaginary limit between Europe and Asia).
• Cyprus: politically it is a European country (it is a member state of the European Union²); geographically, it is an Asian country^{3 and 4}.
• Kazakhstan: Politically, it is usually considered an Asian country^{3 and 4}; geographically it is a Eurasian country (the majority of the country is located in Asia except for the western part located west of the Ural River).
• Russia: politically it has influence both in Europe and in Asia (the European Union considers it a European country², the RSA considers it Eurasian⁴); geographically it has 40% of its territory in Europe.
• Turkey: politically it can be considered a European country (it is a candidate member to join the European Union²); Geographically the majority of the country is located in Asia with the exception of the East Thrace region.

5. REFERENCES

1. Council of Europe (2023). Member States of the Council of Europe. Available [HERE].
2. European Union (2023). Member States, candidates and other European countries. Available [HERE].
3. United Nations (2023). Geographic regions. Available [HERE].
4. Royal Spanish Academy (2010). The Orthography of the Spanish Language. Pages 721-728. Document not available online.
5. Saberespractico.com (2023). Países y capitales de Europa. Text in Spanish. Avaliable [HERE].
6. Wikipedia.org (2023). Europe > Map with the location of all the current European countries. Avaliable [HERE].
7. Wikipedia.org (2023). Kosovo. Avaliable [HERE].